I cant find the original article so I’m posting in its entirety
An article by Paul Hanson
The U.S Constitution “originally” laid out the separation of powers
between the federal government and the State governments in the first
paragraph of article 1 section 3. How this paragraph accomplished
that goal will become clear later in this article. This paragraph
states:
“The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators
from each state, chosen by the LEGISLATURE thereof, for six years;
and each Senator shall have one vote.”
Then in Article I, section 4 we also find this:
“The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators
and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the
Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or
alter such Regulations, except as to the PLACES of chusing
Senators.” Those places were to be in the State Legislatures.
This balance of power was then permanently locked in by the last
clause of article 5. I call this clause the magic bullet because
it can’t be stopped by any means that I can see. Article 5 dealing
with amendments to the Constitution clearly states:
“… and that NO State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its
equal Suffrage in the Senate.”
By including this in the section dealing with amendments, it is
obvious that the sections of the Constitution concerning selection of
Senators and the suffrage they provided was not amendable unless ALL
of States consented and that this was to be a permanent provision. All
of the above shows how adamant the founders were about this point by
referring to the States representation on no less than 3 occasions. If
even ONE State objected to changes in an area that would affect their
suffrage, that change would be invalid. The normal ratification
process could not be used to alter this principle. Yet that is exactly
what happened when the 17th amendment was adopted.
The father of our Constitution, James Madison, in Federalist 43,
further supports this claim. He states that the Constitution was
completely amendable with 2 exceptions only. One of the exceptions
dealt with the importation of slaves and became moot after 1808. The
other was the State’s equal suffrage in the Senate.
It appears, then, that this all boils down to definition. What is the
definition of State suffrage? In Federalist 59, Hamilton explains
State suffrage as the State legislatures having a voice in the
Senate. The 17th amendment effectively canceled that voice and
turned it over to the citizens of the States. I submit to you that
now, however, this definition has been left entirely to the
discretion of the States themselves. The courts have no say in the
matter. I will explain this bold statement in detail later. Why do I
feel this issue vitally important to restoring States rights? For
the same reasons our Founders did, to support the concept of
federalism and the balance of power between the States and federal
government.
This concept strictly limited the federal governments powers to those
specifically enumerated in Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S.
Constitution. The People, through the Constitution, permitted the
national government to exercise certain enumerated powers. By
limiting the federal government’s power and granting the States
nearly unlimited power, the federal government would merely be
protecting the States collectively and allowing the States to handle
their own affairs.
Federalism allowed the States wide latitude to run their own affairs
and by doing so, created 13 laboratories of freedom to experiment and
formulate the best system of self-governance. This situation also
created an atmosphere of competition between the States. When a State
allowed its inhabitants to prosper and keep what they earn, The State
would prosper and be allowed to continue governing its people.
When the State government became a burden to them, the people could
vote out the tyrants during the next election. Another alternative was
for the businesses and the people to move to a State that was more to
their liking. Business leaving the State would cause the tax base to
erode and so would the peoples support of that government. Sooner or
later, either the State government or the people would wake up and
correct the problem.
The 17th amendment took away the States protection from the abuses of
federal power allowing the federal government to get away with
legislating in areas where they had no business doing so. This was a
grave error seriously upsetting the balance of power so carefully
crafted into our magnificent Constitution. The concept of Federalism
was all but destroyed leading to endless abuses by the federal
government from which there is no escape.
The enforcement mechanism against federal encroachment prior to the
invalid 17th was the States’ representation in the Senate. The “Peoples
House” i.e. the House of Representatives amply represents the people, while
the States were to be represented by the Senate.
The States now have no representation and we are experiencing the
folly of this venture toward pure democracy today. We were founded as
a Republic not a democracy and now we see why. All the States needed
to do in the past was to recall or direct their Senators before a bad
law made it to the floor of the Senate for a vote and the damage could
be stopped in its tracks. Hamilton’s Federalist essay 59 addresses
this issue directly. This power has been unconstitutionally snatched
from the States by the invalid 17th amendment.
Careful study of the 17th amendments ratification reveals at least 10
states that failed to do so. Those 10 were FL, MS, DE, KY, UT, MD, RI,
AL, IA and GA. The clear manner in which article 5 is written places
the statement dealing with States equal suffrage in the Senate after
the words: “Provided that no Amendment which may be made…” further
showing that this was an exception to the rule regarding amendments.
With the failure those of 10 states to ratify the 17th, they were
denied their equal suffrage in the Senate without their consent in
violation of Article 5, thus making the 17th amendment invalid.
However, once any state declares the 17th invalid, based on what
I have pointed out here, that State, even though it had previously
consented to the 17th can withdraw its consent anytime it so chooses.
Any State that previously consented can say “we no longer consent” because
Article 5 mentions nary a word about the permanence of any such consent.
The right of the state to withdraw that consent is further fully supported
by the clear wording of the 10th amendment:
AMENDMENT X
(1791)
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,
nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people.”
The power to withdraw that consent is not prohibited by article 5 so
the power to withdraw it is reserved and retained by the States. Fits
like a glove. All the states need to do is select their Senators in
their legislatures and send them to Washington. Simple. And what would
the courts say about move such as this? No court can attempt to make
the State comply with the 17th because they won’t have jurisdiction to
try the case. Here’s why:
When a sovereign State declares the 17th amendment invalid, the Senate
would be unlawfully seated. It would then follow that the Supreme
Court is also unlawfully seated as is the entire federal bench because
the Senate approves those federal court appointments including the
Supreme Court. Anything decided by those federal courts would be null
and void. The State could simply refuse to recognize the jurisdiction
of the court system. The States could argue that the federal judiciary
has been confirmed by a Senate that did not have the states best
interest at heart.
The only other argument that could be made against the State would be
the power of the Senate to be the ultimate judge of their elections
and refuse to seat the Senators. However, how can an illegitimate
Senate make such a decision? The answer is, they can’t.
I have presented these facts in many forums over the years and they
have never been successfully challenged. One argument that always
seems to arise is this: “Well, all the states do have equal suffrage
because they still each have two senators.” This invalid argument
comes from a lack of full understanding of what “suffrage” really
stands for and by a focus on the first term “equal” while ignoring the
second, “suffrage.” The point of my entire article is that the States
(meaning the State Legislatures) are the ones who have lost suffrage.
The people of the State now elect Senators and are in possession of
that suffrage. The real point is who do these senators now represent?
After I make this point, I usually get this: “Well, the people ARE
the “State.” This is not entirely accurate either. In all instances I
can find in the Constitution where it is speaking about the States, it
is speaking of the Legislature of the States. The best example I can
find that clearly delineates between the two is the last clause of
that wonderful 10th Amendment again. That clause clearly lists the
“People” and the “States” as two separate entities. If they were the
same thing, there would be no need to list them both in the very
same sentence.
There are other far-reaching implications of an invalid 17th and I’m
sure that opponents of what’s been written here will use them to fight
these truths. I will not give them ammunition by detailing what those
far reaching implications are. However, I will say this: If we
endeavor to rid ourselves of the invalid 17th amendment in the manner
outlined above, be prepared for the fight of your lives because there
are many entrenched interests that would like nothing more than to
never have this information reach the light of day.
There have been many articles written concerning the “repeal” of the
17th amendment. While many of these articles correctly point out the
folly of the 17th, they fail to realize that a movement to repeal is
nothing more than a pipe dream. The only way to remove the 17th
amendment is through outright repudiation using the method I have
described above. I will explain why below.
There are 2 methods laid out in Article 5 for amending the
Constitution. One of those methods is through a Convention of the
States. I will not go into details as to why this method should never
be used under any circumstances other than to say that if you truly
value your freedoms, this method should be avoided at all costs. The
other method would be an exercise in futility. To use the method that
all the other amendments have used since the 10th would entail having
to first convince 67 senators to vote themselves out of a job. Then
290 House members would have to vote for the repeal of an amendment
which will make all the laws they want to pass much more difficult
to push through the Senate. A senate which as a result of its passage
would now be jealously guarding the rights of the States that the
House laws frequently trample. If that isn’t enough, you need to get
38 state legislatures to vote for repealing an amendment over the
objections of the people who would feel like their right to vote was
being stolen (a right which never really existed due to an invalid
17th). To educate the masses in 38 separate states that the 17th
amendment was a mistake is an insurmountable task. To do it for just
one, as would be the case in a move to repudiate it, Maybe. In a
repudiation argument, it could be demonstrated to the people that the
right to vote for their Senators should have never been theirs in the
first place due to the fraudulent manner in which the 17th was
adopted.
My first target for a move to repudiate would be done in a State that
swings to the right most of the time and where the voters are well
informed and leery of the feds. Utah would be my choice since Utah
rejected the 17th outright and they have been stung recently by
federal land grabs. Please join me in this endeavor to repudiate the
17th and get the concept of federalism firmly back on track.
We must educate ourselves and our posterity in the wonderful documents
that founded our great Republic if we are ever to set it back on
course toward freedom and prosperity. That is why I’m writing this
today. My positions on the 17th amendment are supported by the
Constitution of the United States including the 10th amendment and
“The Federalist Papers”, specifically Madison 43 and Hamilton 59.
Thanks for your attention,
Sincerely,
Paul C. Hanson
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